Saturday, December 15, 2012

[Astronomi] Pengertian dan Fakta Planet Yupiter

Pengertian Planet Yupiter








Pengetian

Yupiter atau Jupiter adalah planet terdekat kelima dari matahari setelah Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars.
Jarak rata-rata antara Jupiter dan Matahari adalah 778,3 juta km. Jupiter adalah planet terbesar dan terberat dengan diameter ekuatornya 14.980 km dan memiliki massa 318 kali massa bumi. Periode rotasi planet ini adalah 9,8 jam, sedangkan periode revolusi adalah 11,86 tahun. Volume Jupiter 1.319 kai volume Bumi.






Struktur Dalam

Jupiter adalah salah satu dari empat raksasa gas, yaitu tidak terutama terdiri dari materi padat. Ini adalah planet terbesar di tata surya, memiliki diameter 142.984 km pada bagian khatulistiwa. Jupiter kerapatan, 1,326 g / cm ³, adalah tertinggi kedua dari planet gas raksasa, tetapi lebih rendah daripada salah satu dari empat planet terestrial.


Jupiter diperkirakan terdiri dari inti yang padat dengan campuran unsur-unsur, lapisan sekitarnya metalik hidrogen cair dengan beberapa helium, dan didominasi lapisan luar dari mol

Struktur Luar

Atas atmosfer Jupiter terdiri dari sekitar 88-92% 8-12% hidrogen dan helium oleh persen fraksi volume atau molekul gas (lihat tabel ke kanan). Karena atom helium memiliki sekitar empat kali lebih banyak massa sebagai atom hidrogen, perubahan komposisi ketika digambarkan dalam bentuk proporsi massa yang disumbangkan oleh atom yang berbeda. Dengan demikian atmosfer adalah sekitar 75% hidrogen dan 24% helium oleh massa, dengan sisa satu persen dari massa yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur lain. Interior mengandung bahan padat sehingga distribusi sekitar 71% hidrogen, 24% helium dan 5% unsur lainnya oleh massa. Suasana mengandung jumlah jejak metana, uap air, amonia, dan senyawa berbasis silikon. Ada juga bekas-bekas karbon, etana, hidrogen sulfida, neon, oksigen, Fosfina, dan belerang. Lapisan terluar atmosfer mengandung kristal amonia beku. Melalui inframerah dan ultraviolet pengukuran, jumlah jejak benzena dan hidrokarbon lain juga telah ditemukan.



Proporsi atmosfer hidrogen dan helium yang sangat dekat dengan komposisi teoritis purba nebula surya. Namun, neon di bagian atas atmosfer hanya terdiri dari 20 bagian per juta oleh massa, yang berjarak sekitar sepersepuluh yang melimpah seperti di Matahari. Helium juga habis, meskipun hanya untuk sekitar 80% dari komposisi helium Sun. Penipisan ini mungkin hasil presipitasi dari unsur-unsur tersebut ke dalam bagian dalam planet ini. kelimpahan dari berat inert gas di atmosfer Jupiter adalah sekitar dua sampai tiga kali lipat dari matahari.



Berdasarkan spektroskopi, Saturnus dianggap mirip dengan komposisi untuk Yupiter, tetapi raksasa gas lainnya Uranus dan Neptunus mempunyai relatif jauh lebih sedikit hidrogen dan helium. Namun, karena kurangnya masuk atmosfer probe, kualitas tinggi dalam jumlah melimpah unsur-unsur yang lebih berat yang tidak ada di luar planet-planet luar Jupiter.




Ciri-Ciri

  1. Nama Planet : Yupiter
  2. Kala Rotasi : 9,8 Jam
  3. Kala Revolusi : 11,8 Tahun
  4. Atmosfer : Hidrogen,Helium,Metana,Air,Etana. dsb
  5. Satelit Alam : (63) di antaranya Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
  6. Jarak Di Matahari : 778,3 juta km
  7. Diameter Planet : 14.980 km
  8. Warna Planet : Belum diketahui 






Cincin Planet

Cincin Jupiter tak bisa kita nikmati menggunakan teleskop. Tidak seperti cincin Saturnus memang yang terlihat jelas dari Bumi dengan teleskop kecil sekalipun. Cincin Jupiter memiliki beberapa komponen antara lain cincin halo, cincin utama dan cincin gossamer.


Cincin Halo merupakan bagian terdalam berupa awan tebal yang berada pada jarak 92 000 km – 122 500 km dari inti Jupiter. Bagian halo ini mengalami peningkatan inklinasi akibat interaksi dengan bidang magnet Jupiter. Komponen berikutnya adalah cincin utama yang lebih tipis dan sempit berada pada jarak 122500 km – 128940 km dari pusat Jupiter dengan ketebalan 30 km dari atas ke bawah. Pada bagian ini terdapat juga partikel-partikel besar yang mengisi bagian cincinnya.


Komponen terakhir dari cincin Jupiter adalah cincin Gossamer yang redup dan terbagi atas dua bagian yakni Cincin Almathea (yang dekat ke Jupiter) dan Cincin Thebe. Cincin Almathea dimulai dari satelit Almathea ke bagian dalam Jupiter pada jarak 181000 km dan memiliki kecerlangan seragam. Sedangkan cincin Thebe yang berada di bagian terluar sampai dengan cincin Almathea berada pada jarak 222000 km dari Jupiter. Cincin ini lebih redup namun juga lebih tebal dibanding Cincin Almathea, namun jika dilihat dari citra resolusi tinggi yang diambil oleh Galileo, tepi atas dan bawah cincin Thebe akan terlihat lebih terang dibanding bagian pusatnya.
Jika dilihat dari letaknya, cincin Jupiter berada dalam batas Roche, sangat dekat dengan planet itu sendiri. Pada area ini satelit yang ada akan hancur akibat gaya gravitasi planet. Ini mengindikasikan kalau cincin Jupiter terbentuk dari satelit yang gagal. Selain itu, hasil pengamatan pesawat ruang angkasa Galileo juga menunjukan debu yang membentuk cincin berasal meteor yang menghantam permukaan satelit Jupiter. Selama 7 tahun perjalanannya, Galileo berhasil mendata ribuan tabrakan partikel dalam cincin Jupiter dari tahun 2002-2003.[/COLOR]





Fakta Planet Yupiter





Tercepat Mengitari Orbit

Selain besar, Jupiter juga merupakat planet tercepat dalam mengitari orbit. Hanya butuh sekitar sepuluh jam untuk menyelesaikan satu rotasi. Kecepatan rotasi memberi kontribusi kuat pada bidang magnetik planet bersama radiasi yang mengelilinginya.



Planet Bercincin

Terdapat cincin yang mengitari Jupiter. Cincin utama debu yang tertinggal dari Meteoroid saat bertabrakan dengan empat bulan (Thebe, Metis, Adrastea dan Almathea). Para Ilmuwan baru-baru ini menemukan cincin samara menyerupai bentuk donat dengan nama halo cincin.



Terdapat Badai

Badai yang terjadi di Jupiter memiliki beberapa kesamaan dengan badai di Bumi. Badai di Jupiter tidak berlangsung lama, rata-rata 3-4 hari. Namun badai besar kuat bisa terjadi akibat debu yang membuat udara basah naik ke bagian atas troposfer yang berubah menjadi awan termasuk petir. Badai kuat di Jupiter jauh lebih besar dari pada di Bumi. Badai besar dialami di Jupiter setiap 15-17 tahun sekali.


Pemilik Bulan Terbanyak

Sejauh ini, Jupiter memiliki 63 bulan, 4 bulan besar yang disebut Galilea ditemukan pada 1610 oleh Galileo Galilei. Bulan tersebut adalah Io, Europa, Ganymede dan Callisto. Ganymede adalah bulan terbesar berukuran 3.270 mil. Yang menarik adalah Io yang berisi gunung berapi, danau lava dan kaldera besar. Gunung di Io bisa mencapai ketinggian 52.000 kaki atau 16 kilometer.



Terdapat Titik Merah Besar

Pada tahun 1665, astronim Giovanni Cassini pertama kali mengidentifikasi adanya titik merah besar di Jupiter. Terlihat seperti badai raksasa dengan ukuran 40.000 Km. Namun saat ini ukurannya hanya setengah dari ukuran semula. Planet ini terdiri dari hidrogen padat, air, nitrogen, helium. Kencangnya angin dan ion menyebabkan badai dengan petir (mirip titik merah besar)





  • Analisis : Dengan adanya informasi ini kita tahu bahwa masih banyak hal-hal di luar sana yang belum kita ketahui termasuk Planet Yupiter dan yang lainnya.
  • Kesimpulan : Belajar Astronomi itu sangat menyenangkan apalagi kalau kita udah liat planet memakai teleskop jadi jangan pernah bosan belajar astronomi ya 
    SUMBER
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